diff --git a/backend/src/main/java/com/zombie/game/model/Bullet.java b/backend/src/main/java/com/zombie/game/model/Bullet.java
index e18a419..1d6ff26 100644
--- a/backend/src/main/java/com/zombie/game/model/Bullet.java
+++ b/backend/src/main/java/com/zombie/game/model/Bullet.java
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ public class Bullet {
     private float speed;
     private int damage;
     private String ownerId;
-    private String weapon;
+    private int weaponIndex;
     private float range;
     private float distanceTraveled;
     private boolean explosive;
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ public class Bullet {
     private boolean isGrenade;
 
     public Bullet(int id, float x, float y, float angle, float speed, int damage,
-                  String ownerId, String weapon, float range) {
+                  String ownerId, int weaponIndex, float range) {
         this.id = id;
         this.x = x;
         this.y = y;
@@ -42,21 +42,21 @@ public class Bullet {
         this.vz = 0;
         this.damage = damage;
         this.ownerId = ownerId;
-        this.weapon = weapon;
+        this.weaponIndex = weaponIndex;
         this.range = range;
         this.distanceTraveled = 0;
-        this.explosive = weapon.equals(Constants.WEAPON_GRENADE);
-        this.explosionRadius = explosive ? 3.0f : 0;
+        this.explosive = false;
+        this.explosionRadius = 0;
         this.flightTime = 0;
         this.maxFlightTime = 0;
-        this.isGrenade = weapon.equals(Constants.WEAPON_GRENADE);
+        this.isGrenade = false;
         this.targetX = x + (float) Math.sin(angle) * range;
         this.targetY = y + (float) Math.cos(angle) * range;
     }
 
     /**
      * 构造函数 - 手榴弹
-     * 
+     *
      * @param id 子弹ID
      * @param startX 起始X坐标
      * @param startY 起始Y坐标
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ public class Bullet {
      * @param ownerId 发射者ID
      * @param explosionRadius 爆炸半径
      */
-    public Bullet(int id, float startX, float startY, float targetX, float targetY, 
+    public Bullet(int id, float startX, float startY, float targetX, float targetY,
                   float flightDuration, int damage, String ownerId, float explosionRadius) {
         this.id = id;
         this.x = startX;
@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ public class Bullet {
         this.targetY = targetY;
         this.damage = damage;
         this.ownerId = ownerId;
-        this.weapon = Constants.WEAPON_GRENADE;
+        this.weaponIndex = -1;
         this.range = 0;
         this.distanceTraveled = 0;
         this.explosive = true;
@@ -97,21 +97,21 @@ public class Bullet {
     public boolean update(float dt, GameMap map) {
         if (isGrenade) {
             flightTime += dt;
-            
+
             x += vx * dt;
             y += vy * dt;
-            
+
             float progress = flightTime / maxFlightTime;
             z = 0.5f + 4.0f * (float) Math.sin(progress * Math.PI);
-            
+
             if (flightTime >= maxFlightTime || z <= 0.5f && progress > 0.5f) {
                 return false;
             }
-            
-            if (x < 0 || x >= Constants.GRID_SIZE || y < 0 || y >= Constants.GRID_SIZE) {
+
+            if (x < 0 || x >= GRID_SIZE || y < 0 || y >= GRID_SIZE) {
                 return false;
             }
-            
+
             return true;
         } else {
             float moveX = vx * dt;
@@ -121,7 +121,7 @@ public class Bullet {
             distanceTraveled += (float) Math.sqrt(moveX * moveX + moveY * moveY);
 
             if (distanceTraveled >= range) return false;
-            if (x < 0 || x >= Constants.GRID_SIZE || y < 0 || y >= Constants.GRID_SIZE) return false;
+            if (x < 0 || x >= GRID_SIZE || y < 0 || y >= GRID_SIZE) return false;
 
             int gx = (int) Math.floor(x);
             int gy = (int) Math.floor(y);
@@ -135,7 +135,7 @@ public class Bullet {
 
     /**
      * 检测子弹是否命中实体
-     * 
+     *
      * @param ex 实体X坐标
      * @param ey 实体Y坐标
      * @param size 实体碰撞体大小
@@ -150,7 +150,7 @@ public class Bullet {
 
     /**
      * 将子弹状态转换为Map格式，用于网络传输
-     * 
+     *
      * @return 包含子弹状态的Map
      */
     public Map<String, Object> toStateMap() {
@@ -166,7 +166,7 @@ public class Bullet {
         } else {
             map.put("angle", (float) Math.atan2(vx, vy));
         }
-        map.put("weapon", weapon);
+        map.put("weaponIndex", weaponIndex);
         map.put("ownerId", ownerId);
         return map;
     }
diff --git a/backend/src/main/java/com/zombie/game/model/Constants.java b/backend/src/main/java/com/zombie/game/model/Constants.java
index f0fa99e..e803d8f 100644
--- a/backend/src/main/java/com/zombie/game/model/Constants.java
+++ b/backend/src/main/java/com/zombie/game/model/Constants.java
@@ -3,8 +3,8 @@ package com.zombie.game.model;
 /**
  * 游戏常量定义类
  *
- * 集中管理所有游戏平衡性参数、消息类型常量。
- * 修改此文件中的数值可以调整游戏难度和行为。
+ * 只保留真正的系统常量（不会随游戏平衡性调整而改变的值）。
+ * 所有可配置的游戏平衡参数已迁移到 JSON 模板文件。
  */
 public class Constants {
 
@@ -12,93 +12,17 @@ public class Constants {
 
     /** 地图网格尺寸（32×32 格子） */
     public static final int GRID_SIZE = 32;
-    /** 玩家碰撞体大小 */
-    public static final float PLAYER_SIZE = 0.8f;
-    /** 僵尸碰撞体大小 */
-    public static final float ZOMBIE_SIZE = 0.8f;
     /** 服务器逻辑帧率（每秒 tick 数） */
     public static final int TICK_RATE = 30;
     /** 每次 tick 的时间间隔（秒） */
     public static final float TICK_INTERVAL = 1.0f / TICK_RATE;
 
-    // ==================== 玩家参数 ====================
+    // ==================== 碰撞体尺寸 ====================
 
-    /** 玩家移动速度（格/秒） */
-    public static final float PLAYER_SPEED = 5.0f;
-    /** 玩家最大生命值 */
-    public static final float PLAYER_MAX_HEALTH = 100;
-    /** 玩家受伤后的无敌时间（秒），防止连续受伤 */
-    public static final float PLAYER_INVULNERABLE_TIME = 0.5f;
-    /** 玩家死亡后的重生等待时间（秒） */
-    public static final float PLAYER_RESPAWN_TIME = 30.0f;
-
-    // ==================== 普通僵尸参数 ====================
-
-    /** 普通僵尸基础生命值 */
-    public static final float ZOMBIE_BASE_HEALTH = 100;
-    /** 普通僵尸基础移动速度（格/秒） */
-    public static final float ZOMBIE_BASE_SPEED = 2.0f;
-    /** 普通僵尸近战伤害 */
-    public static final float ZOMBIE_DAMAGE = 10;
-    /** 普通僵尸近战攻击间隔（秒） */
-    public static final float ZOMBIE_ATTACK_RATE = 1.0f;
-    /** 僵尸死亡后掉落物品的概率 */
-    public static final float ZOMBIE_LOOT_DROP_CHANCE = 0.3f;
-    /** 僵尸生成间隔基础值（秒），难度提升后会逐渐缩短 */
-    public static final float ZOMBIE_SPAWN_INTERVAL_BASE = 3.0f;
-    /** 僵尸生成间隔最小值（秒），防止生成过快 */
-    public static final float ZOMBIE_SPAWN_INTERVAL_MIN = 0.2f;
-    /** 每次难度提升增加的僵尸生命值 */
-    public static final float ZOMBIE_HEALTH_INCREASE = 20;
-    /** 每次难度提升增加的僵尸速度 */
-    public static final float ZOMBIE_SPEED_INCREASE = 0.1f;
-    /** 难度提升的时间间隔（秒） */
-    public static final float DIFFICULTY_INCREASE_INTERVAL = 30.0f;
-
-    // ==================== 精英僵尸参数 ====================
-    // 精英僵尸：血量高、可远程射击的强力僵尸
-
-    /** 精英僵尸生命值 */
-    public static final float ELITE_ZOMBIE_HEALTH = 800;
-    /** 精英僵尸移动速度（比普通僵尸稍慢） */
-    public static final float ELITE_ZOMBIE_SPEED = 1.5f;
-    /** 精英僵尸近战伤害 */
-    public static final float ELITE_ZOMBIE_DAMAGE = 20;
-    /** 精英僵尸远程攻击范围（格） */
-    public static final float ELITE_ZOMBIE_ATTACK_RANGE = 8.0f;
-    /** 精英僵尸远程攻击间隔（秒） */
-    public static final float ELITE_ZOMBIE_ATTACK_RATE = 2.0f;
-    /** 精英僵尸远程子弹伤害 */
-    public static final int ELITE_ZOMBIE_BULLET_DAMAGE = 30;
-    /** 精英僵尸远程子弹飞行速度 */
-    public static final float ELITE_ZOMBIE_BULLET_SPEED = 6.0f;
-    /** 精英僵尸的生成概率（5%） */
-    public static final float ELITE_ZOMBIE_SPAWN_CHANCE = 0.05f;
-
-    // ==================== 分裂僵尸参数 ====================
-    // 分裂僵尸：被击杀后分裂成多个普通小僵尸
-
-    /** 分裂僵尸生命值（较低，但击杀后会分裂） */
-    public static final float SPLITTER_ZOMBIE_HEALTH = 50;
-    /** 分裂僵尸移动速度（比普通僵尸快） */
-    public static final float SPLITTER_ZOMBIE_SPEED = 2.5f;
-    /** 分裂僵尸死亡后最少分裂数量 */
-    public static final int SPLITTER_ZOMBIE_MIN_SPLIT = 2;
-    /** 分裂僵尸死亡后最多分裂数量 */
-    public static final int SPLITTER_ZOMBIE_MAX_SPLIT = 6;
-    /** 分裂僵尸的生成概率（5%） */
-    public static final float SPLITTER_ZOMBIE_SPAWN_CHANCE = 0.05f;
-
-    // ==================== 武器类型 ====================
-
-    /** 手枪（初始武器，弹药无限） */
-    public static final String WEAPON_PISTOL = "pistol";
-    /** 机枪（高射速，弹药有限） */
-    public static final String WEAPON_MACHINE_GUN = "machine_gun";
-    /** 霰弹枪（散射多弹丸，近距离高伤害） */
-    public static final String WEAPON_SHOTGUN = "shotgun";
-    /** 手榴弹（可蓄力投掷，爆炸范围伤害） */
-    public static final String WEAPON_GRENADE = "grenade";
+    /** 玩家碰撞体大小 */
+    public static final float PLAYER_SIZE = 0.8f;
+    /** 僵尸碰撞体大小 */
+    public static final float ZOMBIE_SIZE = 0.8f;
 
     // ==================== 掉落物类型 ====================
 
@@ -110,7 +34,6 @@ public class Constants {
     public static final float LOOT_HEALTH_AMOUNT = 30;
 
     // ==================== 网络消息类型 ====================
-    // 客户端与服务器之间通信的消息类型标识
 
     /** 创建房间 */
     public static final String MSG_CREATE_ROOM = "create_room";
diff --git a/backend/src/main/java/com/zombie/game/model/GameWorld.java b/backend/src/main/java/com/zombie/game/model/GameWorld.java
index 19ca980..4c87db1 100644
--- a/backend/src/main/java/com/zombie/game/model/GameWorld.java
+++ b/backend/src/main/java/com/zombie/game/model/GameWorld.java
@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 package com.zombie.game.model;
 
+import com.zombie.game.template.TemplateManager;
+import com.zombie.game.template.ZombieTemplate;
 import lombok.Getter;
 import java.util.*;
 
@@ -40,6 +42,13 @@ public class GameWorld {
     private List<Integer> removedBullets;
     private List<Integer> removedZombieBullets;
 
+    private static final float ZOMBIE_SPAWN_INTERVAL_BASE = 3.0f;
+    private static final float ZOMBIE_SPAWN_INTERVAL_MIN = 0.2f;
+    private static final float DIFFICULTY_INCREASE_INTERVAL = 30.0f;
+    private static final float ZOMBIE_HEALTH_INCREASE = 20;
+    private static final float ZOMBIE_SPEED_INCREASE = 0.1f;
+    private static final float ZOMBIE_LOOT_DROP_CHANCE = 0.3f;
+
     public GameWorld() {
         this("/Users/wfz/workspace/zp1/maps/d540209a.json");
     }
@@ -60,9 +69,10 @@ public class GameWorld {
         this.score = 0;
         this.spawnTimer = 0;
         this.difficultyTimer = 0;
-        this.zombieHealth = Constants.ZOMBIE_BASE_HEALTH;
-        this.zombieSpeed = Constants.ZOMBIE_BASE_SPEED;
-        this.spawnInterval = Constants.ZOMBIE_SPAWN_INTERVAL_BASE;
+        ZombieTemplate normal = TemplateManager.getInstance().getZombieTemplate("normal");
+        this.zombieHealth = normal.getBaseHealth();
+        this.zombieSpeed = normal.getBaseSpeed();
+        this.spawnInterval = ZOMBIE_SPAWN_INTERVAL_BASE;
         this.random = new Random();
         this.explosions = new ArrayList<>();
         this.removedBullets = new ArrayList<>();
@@ -86,7 +96,7 @@ public class GameWorld {
 
     /**
      * 从游戏世界移除玩家
-     * 
+     *
      * @param playerId 玩家ID
      */
     public void removePlayer(String playerId) {
@@ -106,14 +116,14 @@ public class GameWorld {
 
     /**
      * 更新游戏世界状态
-     * 
+     *
      * 每帧调用，处理：
      * - 时间流逝和难度提升
      * - 僵尸生成
      * - 实体移动和碰撞
      * - 掉落物收集
      * - 玩家重生
-     * 
+     *
      * @param dt 时间增量（秒）
      */
     public void update(float dt) {
@@ -127,10 +137,10 @@ public class GameWorld {
 
         updateFlowField();
 
-        if (difficultyTimer >= Constants.DIFFICULTY_INCREASE_INTERVAL) {
-            difficultyTimer -= Constants.DIFFICULTY_INCREASE_INTERVAL;
+        if (difficultyTimer >= DIFFICULTY_INCREASE_INTERVAL) {
+            difficultyTimer -= DIFFICULTY_INCREASE_INTERVAL;
             waveNumber++;
-            spawnInterval = Math.max(Constants.ZOMBIE_SPAWN_INTERVAL_MIN,
+            spawnInterval = Math.max(ZOMBIE_SPAWN_INTERVAL_MIN,
                 spawnInterval - 0.3f);
         }
 
@@ -151,7 +161,7 @@ public class GameWorld {
 
     /**
      * 更新流场导航
-     * 
+     *
      * 基于存活玩家的位置更新流场
      */
     private void updateFlowField() {
@@ -168,7 +178,7 @@ public class GameWorld {
 
     /**
      * 生成僵尸
-     * 
+     *
      * 根据概率生成普通僵尸、精英僵尸或分裂僵尸
      */
     private void spawnZombie() {
@@ -177,21 +187,26 @@ public class GameWorld {
         float wx = sp[0] + 0.5f;
         float wy = sp[1] + 0.5f;
 
+        ZombieTemplate elite = TemplateManager.getInstance().getZombieTemplate("elite");
+        ZombieTemplate splitter = TemplateManager.getInstance().getZombieTemplate("splitter");
+        float eliteChance = elite.getSpawnWeight();
+        float splitterChance = splitter.getSpawnWeight();
+
         float roll = random.nextFloat();
         Zombie zombie;
-        if (roll < Constants.ELITE_ZOMBIE_SPAWN_CHANCE) {
-            zombie = new Zombie(nextZombieId++, wx, wy, Constants.ELITE_ZOMBIE_HEALTH, Constants.ELITE_ZOMBIE_SPEED, true, false);
-        } else if (roll < Constants.ELITE_ZOMBIE_SPAWN_CHANCE + Constants.SPLITTER_ZOMBIE_SPAWN_CHANCE) {
-            zombie = new Zombie(nextZombieId++, wx, wy, Constants.SPLITTER_ZOMBIE_HEALTH, Constants.SPLITTER_ZOMBIE_SPEED, false, true);
+        if (roll < eliteChance) {
+            zombie = new Zombie(nextZombieId++, wx, wy, "elite");
+        } else if (roll < eliteChance + splitterChance) {
+            zombie = new Zombie(nextZombieId++, wx, wy, "splitter");
         } else {
-            zombie = new Zombie(nextZombieId++, wx, wy, zombieHealth, zombieSpeed, false, false);
+            zombie = new Zombie(nextZombieId++, wx, wy, "normal");
         }
         zombies.put(zombie.getId(), zombie);
     }
 
     /**
      * 查找最近的存活玩家
-     * 
+     *
      * @param x X坐标
      * @param y Y坐标
      * @return 最近的玩家，如果没有存活玩家则返回 null
@@ -234,7 +249,7 @@ public class GameWorld {
                 Player nearest = findNearestPlayer(z.getX(), z.getY());
                 if (nearest != null) {
                     float dist = z.distanceTo(nearest.getX(), nearest.getY());
-                    if (dist <= Constants.ELITE_ZOMBIE_ATTACK_RANGE && z.canRangedAttack(now)) {
+                    if (dist <= z.getTemplate().getRangedRange() && z.canRangedAttack(now)) {
                         fireZombieBullet(z, nearest);
                         z.rangedAttack(now);
                     }
@@ -243,7 +258,7 @@ public class GameWorld {
 
             Wall attackedWall = z.move(map, dt, zombies.values(), now);
             if (attackedWall != null && z.canAttack(now)) {
-                attackedWall.takeDamage(1.0f); // 每次攻击造成1点伤害
+                attackedWall.takeDamage(1.0f);
                 z.attack(now);
                 if (attackedWall.isDestroyed()) {
                     map.removeWall(attackedWall.getGridX(), attackedWall.getGridY());
@@ -254,7 +269,7 @@ public class GameWorld {
 
     /**
      * 精英僵尸发射子弹
-     * 
+     *
      * @param zombie 发射子弹的僵尸
      * @param target 目标玩家
      */
@@ -267,14 +282,14 @@ public class GameWorld {
         float startY = zombie.getY() + (float) Math.cos(angle) * 0.5f;
 
         Bullet bullet = new Bullet(nextZombieBulletId++, startX, startY, angle,
-            Constants.ELITE_ZOMBIE_BULLET_SPEED, Constants.ELITE_ZOMBIE_BULLET_DAMAGE,
-            "zombie_" + zombie.getId(), "zombie_bullet", 15);
+            zombie.getTemplate().getRangedBulletSpeed(), zombie.getTemplate().getRangedDamage(),
+            "zombie_" + zombie.getId(), -1, 15);
         zombieBullets.put(bullet.getId(), bullet);
     }
 
     /**
      * 更新所有僵尸子弹
-     * 
+     *
      * @param dt 时间增量（秒）
      */
     private void updateZombieBullets(float dt) {
@@ -301,7 +316,7 @@ public class GameWorld {
             // 检测是否命中玩家
             for (Player p : new ArrayList<>(players.values())) {
                 if (!p.isAlive()) continue;
-                if (b.hitsEntity(p.getX(), p.getY(), Constants.PLAYER_SIZE)) {
+                if (b.hitsEntity(p.getX(), p.getY(), PLAYER_SIZE)) {
                     p.takeDamage(b.getDamage());
                     hit = true;
                     break;
@@ -334,31 +349,30 @@ public class GameWorld {
 
     /**
      * 处理僵尸死亡
-     * 
+     *
      * - 分裂僵尸分裂成多个小僵尸
      * - 增加分数
      * - 可能掉落物品
-     * 
+     *
      * @param z 被击杀的僵尸
      */
     private void onZombieKilled(Zombie z) {
         if (z.isSplitter()) {
-            int splitCount = Constants.SPLITTER_ZOMBIE_MIN_SPLIT + 
-                random.nextInt(Constants.SPLITTER_ZOMBIE_MAX_SPLIT - Constants.SPLITTER_ZOMBIE_MIN_SPLIT + 1);
+            int splitCount = z.getTemplate().getMinSplit() +
+                random.nextInt(z.getTemplate().getMaxSplit() - z.getTemplate().getMinSplit() + 1);
             for (int i = 0; i < splitCount; i++) {
                 float offsetX = (random.nextFloat() - 0.5f) * 1.0f;
                 float offsetY = (random.nextFloat() - 0.5f) * 1.0f;
-                Zombie splitZombie = new Zombie(nextZombieId++, 
-                    z.getX() + offsetX, z.getY() + offsetY, 
-                    zombieHealth, zombieSpeed, false, false);
+                Zombie splitZombie = new Zombie(nextZombieId++,
+                    z.getX() + offsetX, z.getY() + offsetY, "normal");
                 zombies.put(splitZombie.getId(), splitZombie);
             }
             score += 20;
         } else {
             score += z.isElite() ? 50 : 10;
         }
-        if (random.nextFloat() < Constants.ZOMBIE_LOOT_DROP_CHANCE) {
-            String lootType = random.nextFloat() < 0.5f ? Constants.LOOT_TYPE_AMMO : Constants.LOOT_TYPE_HEALTH;
+        if (random.nextFloat() < ZOMBIE_LOOT_DROP_CHANCE) {
+            String lootType = random.nextFloat() < 0.5f ? LOOT_TYPE_AMMO : LOOT_TYPE_HEALTH;
             Loot loot = new Loot(nextLootId++, z.getX(), z.getY(), lootType);
             loots.put(loot.getId(), loot);
         }
@@ -366,7 +380,7 @@ public class GameWorld {
 
     /**
      * 更新所有玩家子弹
-     * 
+     *
      * @param dt 时间增量（秒）
      */
     private void updateBullets(float dt) {
@@ -397,7 +411,7 @@ public class GameWorld {
             boolean hit = false;
             for (Zombie z : new ArrayList<>(zombies.values())) {
                 if (!z.isAlive()) continue;
-                if (b.hitsEntity(z.getX(), z.getY(), Constants.ZOMBIE_SIZE)) {
+                if (b.hitsEntity(z.getX(), z.getY(), ZOMBIE_SIZE)) {
                     z.takeDamage(b.getDamage());
                     hit = true;
                     break;
@@ -430,9 +444,9 @@ public class GameWorld {
 
     /**
      * 创建爆炸效果
-     * 
+     *
      * 对范围内的僵尸造成伤害
-     * 
+     *
      * @param x 爆炸中心X坐标
      * @param y 爆炸中心Y坐标
      * @param radius 爆炸半径
@@ -464,7 +478,7 @@ public class GameWorld {
                 if (!p.isAlive()) continue;
                 float dist = z.distanceTo(p.getX(), p.getY());
                 if (dist < 1.0f && z.canAttack(now)) {
-                    p.takeDamage(Constants.ZOMBIE_DAMAGE);
+                    p.takeDamage(z.getTemplate().getDamage());
                     z.attack(now);
                 }
             }
@@ -480,8 +494,8 @@ public class GameWorld {
             for (Player p : players.values()) {
                 if (!p.isAlive()) continue;
                 if (loot.isCollectedBy(p.getX(), p.getY())) {
-                    if (loot.getType().equals(Constants.LOOT_TYPE_HEALTH)) {
-                        p.heal(Constants.LOOT_HEALTH_AMOUNT);
+                    if (loot.getType().equals(LOOT_TYPE_HEALTH)) {
+                        p.heal(LOOT_HEALTH_AMOUNT);
                     } else {
                         p.refillRandomWeapon();
                     }
@@ -509,7 +523,7 @@ public class GameWorld {
 
         for (Player p : players.values()) {
             if (p.isWaitingForRespawn()) {
-                p.updateRespawnTimer(Constants.TICK_INTERVAL);
+                p.updateRespawnTimer(TICK_INTERVAL);
                 if (hasAlivePlayer && p.canRespawn()) {
                     List<int[]> spawnPoints = map.getSpawnPoints();
                     int[] sp = spawnPoints.get(random.nextInt(spawnPoints.size()));
@@ -523,7 +537,7 @@ public class GameWorld {
 
     /**
      * 玩家开火（无蓄力）
-     * 
+     *
      * @param player 玩家
      * @param aimX 瞄准X坐标
      * @param aimY 瞄准Y坐标
@@ -535,7 +549,7 @@ public class GameWorld {
 
     /**
      * 玩家开火（支持蓄力）
-     * 
+     *
      * @param player 玩家
      * @param aimX 瞄准X坐标
      * @param aimY 瞄准Y坐标
@@ -551,26 +565,18 @@ public class GameWorld {
         player.setAngle(aimX, aimY);
         player.fire(now);
 
-        String weapon;
-        switch (player.getWeaponIndex()) {
-            case 1: weapon = Constants.WEAPON_MACHINE_GUN; break;
-            case 2: weapon = Constants.WEAPON_SHOTGUN; break;
-            case 3: weapon = Constants.WEAPON_GRENADE; break;
-            default: weapon = Constants.WEAPON_PISTOL;
-        }
-
-        if (weapon.equals(Constants.WEAPON_GRENADE)) {
+        if (player.isChargeable()) {
             float startX = player.getX();
             float startY = player.getY();
-            
+
             float minDist = 3.0f;
             float maxDist = 15.0f;
             float dist = minDist + (maxDist - minDist) * chargePercent;
-            
+
             float dx = aimX - startX;
             float dy = aimY - startY;
             float targetDist = (float) Math.sqrt(dx * dx + dy * dy);
-            
+
             float targetX, targetY;
             if (targetDist < 0.1f) {
                 targetX = startX + minDist;
@@ -580,12 +586,12 @@ public class GameWorld {
                 targetX = startX + dx * scale;
                 targetY = startY + dy * scale;
             }
-            
-            targetX = Math.max(0.5f, Math.min(Constants.GRID_SIZE - 0.5f, targetX));
-            targetY = Math.max(0.5f, Math.min(Constants.GRID_SIZE - 0.5f, targetY));
-            
+
+            targetX = Math.max(0.5f, Math.min(GRID_SIZE - 0.5f, targetX));
+            targetY = Math.max(0.5f, Math.min(GRID_SIZE - 0.5f, targetY));
+
             float flightDuration = 0.8f + chargePercent * 0.7f;
-            
+
             Bullet bullet = new Bullet(nextBulletId++, startX, startY, targetX, targetY,
                 flightDuration, player.getDamage(), player.getId(), 3.0f);
             bullets.put(bullet.getId(), bullet);
@@ -593,6 +599,7 @@ public class GameWorld {
         } else {
             int pellets = player.getPelletCount();
             float spread = player.getSpread();
+            float range = player.getWeaponIndex() == 1 ? 25 : (player.getWeaponIndex() == 2 ? 12 : 30);
 
             for (int i = 0; i < pellets; i++) {
                 float angle = player.getAngle();
@@ -605,15 +612,9 @@ public class GameWorld {
 
                 float speed = player.getBulletSpeed();
                 int damage = player.getDamage();
-                float range;
-                switch (weapon) {
-                    case Constants.WEAPON_MACHINE_GUN: range = 25; break;
-                    case Constants.WEAPON_SHOTGUN: range = 12; break;
-                    default: range = 30;
-                }
 
                 Bullet bullet = new Bullet(nextBulletId++, startX, startY, angle,
-                    speed, damage, player.getId(), weapon, range);
+                    speed, damage, player.getId(), player.getWeaponIndex(), range);
                 bullets.put(bullet.getId(), bullet);
                 newBulletIds.add(bullet.getId());
             }
@@ -629,9 +630,9 @@ public class GameWorld {
 
     /**
      * 构建游戏状态数据
-     * 
+     *
      * 将当前游戏世界的所有状态打包成Map格式，用于网络传输
-     * 
+     *
      * @param forPlayerId 目标玩家ID（用于发送该玩家的弹药信息）
      * @return 游戏状态Map
      */
@@ -678,10 +679,12 @@ public class GameWorld {
         Player forPlayer = players.get(forPlayerId);
         if (forPlayer != null) {
             Map<String, Object> ammoMap = new LinkedHashMap<>();
-            ammoMap.put(Constants.WEAPON_PISTOL, forPlayer.getAmmo()[0] == Integer.MAX_VALUE ? -1 : forPlayer.getAmmo()[0]);
-            ammoMap.put(Constants.WEAPON_MACHINE_GUN, (int) forPlayer.getAmmo()[1]);
-            ammoMap.put(Constants.WEAPON_SHOTGUN, (int) forPlayer.getAmmo()[2]);
-            ammoMap.put(Constants.WEAPON_GRENADE, (int) forPlayer.getAmmo()[3]);
+            int weaponCount = TemplateManager.getInstance().getAllWeaponTemplates().size();
+            for (int i = 0; i < weaponCount; i++) {
+                String weaponId = TemplateManager.getInstance().getWeaponId(i);
+                float ammo = forPlayer.getAmmo()[i];
+                ammoMap.put(weaponId, ammo == Integer.MAX_VALUE ? -1 : (int) ammo);
+            }
             state.put("ammo", ammoMap);
         }
 
diff --git a/backend/src/main/java/com/zombie/game/model/Player.java b/backend/src/main/java/com/zombie/game/model/Player.java
index 0c1a89d..34ef2a2 100644
--- a/backend/src/main/java/com/zombie/game/model/Player.java
+++ b/backend/src/main/java/com/zombie/game/model/Player.java
@@ -1,5 +1,8 @@
 package com.zombie.game.model;
 
+import com.zombie.game.template.TemplateManager;
+import com.zombie.game.template.WeaponTemplate;
+import com.zombie.game.template.PlayerTemplate;
 import lombok.Getter;
 import java.util.*;
 
@@ -33,25 +36,30 @@ public class Player {
     private float respawnTimer;
     private boolean waitingForRespawn;
 
-    private static final String[] WEAPONS = {
-        Constants.WEAPON_PISTOL, Constants.WEAPON_MACHINE_GUN,
-        Constants.WEAPON_SHOTGUN, Constants.WEAPON_GRENADE
-    };
+    private static final List<WeaponTemplate> WEAPON_TEMPLATES;
+    static {
+        List<WeaponTemplate> list = new ArrayList<>(TemplateManager.getInstance().getAllWeaponTemplates());
+        WEAPON_TEMPLATES = Collections.unmodifiableList(list);
+    }
 
-    private static final int[] MAX_AMMO = {Integer.MAX_VALUE, 100, 20, 10};
+    private final PlayerTemplate playerTemplate;
 
     public Player(String id, String name, float x, float y) {
+        this.playerTemplate = TemplateManager.getInstance().getPlayerTemplate();
         this.id = id;
         this.name = name;
         this.x = x;
         this.y = y;
         this.angle = 0;
-        this.health = Constants.PLAYER_MAX_HEALTH;
+        this.health = playerTemplate.getMaxHealth();
         this.weaponIndex = 0;
         this.ready = false;
         this.lastAttackTime = 0;
         this.lastDamageTime = 0;
-        this.ammo = new float[]{Integer.MAX_VALUE, 100, 20, 10};
+        this.ammo = new float[WEAPON_TEMPLATES.size()];
+        for (int i = 0; i < WEAPON_TEMPLATES.size(); i++) {
+            this.ammo[i] = WEAPON_TEMPLATES.get(i).getMaxAmmo();
+        }
         this.firing = false;
         this.grenadeChargeStart = 0;
         this.chargingGrenade = false;
@@ -61,95 +69,59 @@ public class Player {
     }
 
     public void setReady(boolean ready) { this.ready = ready; }
-    public void setWeaponIndex(int idx) { this.weaponIndex = Math.max(0, Math.min(3, idx)); }
+    public void setWeaponIndex(int idx) {
+        this.weaponIndex = Math.max(0, Math.min(WEAPON_TEMPLATES.size() - 1, idx));
+    }
 
-    /**
-     * 设置玩家位置
-     *
-     * @param x 新位置X坐标
-     * @param y 新位置Y坐标
-     */
     public void setPosition(float x, float y) {
         this.x = x;
         this.y = y;
     }
 
-    /**
-     * 应用移动输入
-     * 
-     * @param dx X方向移动量
-     * @param dy Y方向移动量
-     * @param map 游戏地图（用于碰撞检测）
-     */
     public void applyMovement(float dx, float dy, GameMap map) {
-        float speed = Constants.PLAYER_SPEED * Constants.TICK_INTERVAL;
+        float speed = playerTemplate.getSpeed() * TICK_INTERVAL;
         float newX = x + dx * speed;
         float newY = y + dy * speed;
 
-        if (map.isWalkable(newX, y, Constants.PLAYER_SIZE)) {
-            x = Math.max(0.5f, Math.min(Constants.GRID_SIZE - 0.5f, newX));
+        if (map.isWalkable(newX, y, playerTemplate.getSize())) {
+            x = Math.max(0.5f, Math.min(GRID_SIZE - 0.5f, newX));
         }
-        if (map.isWalkable(x, newY, Constants.PLAYER_SIZE)) {
-            y = Math.max(0.5f, Math.min(Constants.GRID_SIZE - 0.5f, newY));
+        if (map.isWalkable(x, newY, playerTemplate.getSize())) {
+            y = Math.max(0.5f, Math.min(GRID_SIZE - 0.5f, newY));
         }
     }
 
-    /**
-     * 设置朝向角度
-     * 
-     * @param aimX 瞄准点X坐标
-     * @param aimY 瞄准点Y坐标
-     */
     public void setAngle(float aimX, float aimY) {
         this.angle = (float) Math.atan2(aimX - x, aimY - y);
     }
 
-    /**
-     * 受到伤害
-     * 
-     * @param damage 伤害值
-     */
     public void takeDamage(float damage) {
         long now = System.currentTimeMillis();
-        if (now - lastDamageTime < Constants.PLAYER_INVULNERABLE_TIME * 1000) return;
+        if (now - lastDamageTime < playerTemplate.getInvulnerableTime() * 1000) return;
         this.health -= damage;
-        this.lastDamageTime = now;
         if (this.health < 0) this.health = 0;
         if (this.health <= 0) {
             startRespawnTimer();
         }
     }
 
-    /** 开始重生倒计时 */
     public void startRespawnTimer() {
         this.waitingForRespawn = true;
-        this.respawnTimer = Constants.PLAYER_RESPAWN_TIME;
+        this.respawnTimer = playerTemplate.getRespawnTime();
     }
 
-    /**
-     * 更新重生倒计时
-     * 
-     * @param dt 时间增量（秒）
-     */
     public void updateRespawnTimer(float dt) {
         if (waitingForRespawn && respawnTimer > 0) {
             respawnTimer -= dt;
         }
     }
 
-    /** 检查是否可以重生 */
     public boolean canRespawn() {
         return waitingForRespawn && respawnTimer <= 0;
     }
 
-    /**
-     * 重生玩家
-     * 
-     * @param newX 新位置X坐标
-     * @param newY 新位置Y坐标
-     */
     public void respawn(float newX, float newY) {
-        this.health = Constants.PLAYER_MAX_HEALTH;
+        this.health = playerTemplate.getMaxHealth();
         this.x = newX;
         this.y = newY;
         this.waitingForRespawn = false;
@@ -157,88 +129,54 @@ public class Player {
         this.lastDamageTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
     }
 
-    /** 是否等待重生 */
     public boolean isWaitingForRespawn() {
         return waitingForRespawn;
     }
 
-    /** 获取重生倒计时 */
     public float getRespawnTimer() {
         return respawnTimer;
     }
 
-    /** 是否存活 */
     public boolean isAlive() {
         return health > 0;
     }
 
-    /**
-     * 计算到指定点的距离
-     * 
-     * @param px 目标X坐标
-     * @param py 目标Y坐标
-     * @return 距离值
-     */
     public float distanceTo(float px, float py) {
         float dx = px - x;
         float dy = py - y;
         return (float) Math.sqrt(dx * dx + dy * dy);
     }
 
-    /**
-     * 检查是否可以开火
-     * 
-     * @param now 当前时间戳
-     * @return true 表示可以开火
-     */
     public boolean canFire(long now) {
-        String weapon = WEAPONS[weaponIndex];
-        long fireRate = getFireRate(weapon);
-        return now - lastAttackTime >= fireRate;
+        WeaponTemplate weapon = WEAPON_TEMPLATES.get(weaponIndex);
+        return now - lastAttackTime >= weapon.getFireRate();
     }
 
-    /**
-     * 执行开火动作
-     * 
-     * @param now 当前时间戳
-     */
     public void fire(long now) {
         lastAttackTime = now;
-        String weapon = WEAPONS[weaponIndex];
-        int idx = weaponIndex;
-        if (idx != 0 && ammo[idx] > 0) {
-            ammo[idx]--;
+        if (weaponIndex != 0 && ammo[weaponIndex] > 0) {
+            ammo[weaponIndex]--;
         }
     }
 
-    /** 检查是否有弹药 */
     public boolean hasAmmo() {
         if (weaponIndex == 0) return true;
         return ammo[weaponIndex] > 0;
     }
 
-    /** 随机补充一个武器的弹药 */
     public void refillRandomWeapon() {
         Random rand = new Random();
-        int idx = rand.nextInt(3) + 1;
-        ammo[idx] = MAX_AMMO[idx];
+        int idx = rand.nextInt(WEAPON_TEMPLATES.size() - 1) + 1;
+        ammo[idx] = WEAPON_TEMPLATES.get(idx).getMaxAmmo();
     }
 
-    /**
-     * 治疗
-     * 
-     * @param amount 治疗量
-     */
     public void heal(float amount) {
-        this.health = Math.min(Constants.PLAYER_MAX_HEALTH, this.health + amount);
+        this.health = Math.min(playerTemplate.getMaxHealth(), this.health + amount);
     }
 
-    /** 设置开火状态 */
     public void setFiring(boolean firing) { this.firing = firing; }
-    /** 设置最后处理的输入序列号 */
     public void setLastProcessedSeq(int seq) { this.lastProcessedSeq = seq; }
 
-    /** 开始手榴弹蓄力 */
     public void startGrenadeCharge() {
         if (!chargingGrenade) {
             chargingGrenade = true;
@@ -246,80 +184,48 @@ public class Player {
         }
     }
 
-    /** 获取手榴弹蓄力百分比（0-1） */
     public float getGrenadeChargePercent() {
         if (!chargingGrenade) return 0;
         float elapsed = (System.currentTimeMillis() - grenadeChargeStart) / 2000f;
         return Math.min(1.0f, elapsed);
     }
 
-    /** 停止手榴弹蓄力 */
     public void stopGrenadeCharge() {
         chargingGrenade = false;
     }
 
-    /**
-     * 获取武器射速
-     * 
-     * @param weapon 武器类型
-     * @return 射速（毫秒）
-     */
-    private long getFireRate(String weapon) {
-        switch (weapon) {
-            case Constants.WEAPON_PISTOL: return 400;
-            case Constants.WEAPON_MACHINE_GUN: return 100;
-            case Constants.WEAPON_SHOTGUN: return 800;
-            case Constants.WEAPON_GRENADE: return 1500;
-            default: return 400;
-        }
+    public long getFireRate() {
+        return WEAPON_TEMPLATES.get(weaponIndex).getFireRate();
     }
 
-    /** 获取当前武器伤害 */
     public int getDamage() {
-        switch (WEAPONS[weaponIndex]) {
-            case Constants.WEAPON_PISTOL: return 50;
-            case Constants.WEAPON_MACHINE_GUN: return 50;
-            case Constants.WEAPON_SHOTGUN: return 50;
-            case Constants.WEAPON_GRENADE: return 120;
-            default: return 50;
-        }
+        return WEAPON_TEMPLATES.get(weaponIndex).getDamage();
     }
 
-    /** 获取当前武器子弹速度 */
     public float getBulletSpeed() {
-        switch (WEAPONS[weaponIndex]) {
-            case Constants.WEAPON_PISTOL: return 20;
-            case Constants.WEAPON_MACHINE_GUN: return 25;
-            case Constants.WEAPON_SHOTGUN: return 18;
-            case Constants.WEAPON_GRENADE: return 12;
-            default: return 20;
-        }
+        return WEAPON_TEMPLATES.get(weaponIndex).getBulletSpeed();
     }
 
-    /** 获取当前武器弹丸数量（霰弹枪发射多个弹丸） */
     public int getPelletCount() {
-        return WEAPONS[weaponIndex].equals(Constants.WEAPON_SHOTGUN) ? 10 : 1;
+        return WEAPON_TEMPLATES.get(weaponIndex).getPelletCount();
     }
 
-    /** 获取当前武器散射角度 */
     public float getSpread() {
-        switch (WEAPONS[weaponIndex]) {
-            case Constants.WEAPON_MACHINE_GUN: return 0.05f;
-            case Constants.WEAPON_SHOTGUN: return 0.15f;
-            default: return 0;
-        }
+        return WEAPON_TEMPLATES.get(weaponIndex).getSpread();
     }
 
-    /** 当前武器是否可蓄力（手榴弹） */
     public boolean isChargeable() {
-        return WEAPONS[weaponIndex].equals(Constants.WEAPON_GRENADE);
+        return WEAPON_TEMPLATES.get(weaponIndex).isChargeable();
+    }
+
+    public boolean isExplosive() {
+        return WEAPON_TEMPLATES.get(weaponIndex).isExplosive();
+    }
+
+    public float getExplosionRadius() {
+        return WEAPON_TEMPLATES.get(weaponIndex).getExplosionRadius();
     }
 
-    /**
-     * 将玩家状态转换为Map格式，用于网络传输
-     * 
-     * @return 包含玩家状态的Map
-     */
     public Map<String, Object> toStateMap() {
         Map<String, Object> map = new LinkedHashMap<>();
         map.put("id", id);
diff --git a/backend/src/main/java/com/zombie/game/model/Zombie.java b/backend/src/main/java/com/zombie/game/model/Zombie.java
index 7fff99a..7790e97 100644
--- a/backend/src/main/java/com/zombie/game/model/Zombie.java
+++ b/backend/src/main/java/com/zombie/game/model/Zombie.java
@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 package com.zombie.game.model;
 
+import com.zombie.game.template.TemplateManager;
+import com.zombie.game.template.ZombieTemplate;
 import lombok.Getter;
 import java.util.*;
 
@@ -12,7 +14,7 @@ import static com.zombie.game.model.Constants.*;
  * - 位置、朝向、生命值
  * - 移动和寻路（基于流场导航）
  * - 近战和远程攻击
- * - 三种类型：普通僵尸、精英僵尸、分裂僵尸
+ * - 基于模板配置的属性
  */
 @Getter
 public class Zombie {
@@ -23,36 +25,30 @@ public class Zombie {
     private float maxHealth;
     private float speed;
     private long lastAttackTime;
-    private boolean isElite;
-    private boolean isSplitter;
     private long lastRangedAttackTime;
     private float targetX, targetY;
     private boolean hasTarget;
     private int reservedGridX, reservedGridY;
-    private boolean reservation;  // 是否有预留格子
-    private int attackingWallGridX = -1;  // 正在攻击的坚果墙体格子X
-    private int attackingWallGridY = -1;  // 正在攻击的坚果墙体格子Y
-    private boolean attackingWall;  // 是否正在攻击墙体
+    private boolean reservation;
+    private int attackingWallGridX = -1;
+    private int attackingWallGridY = -1;
+    private boolean attackingWall;
 
-    public Zombie(int id, float x, float y, float health, float speed) {
-        this(id, x, y, health, speed, false, false);
-    }
+    private final ZombieTemplate template;
 
-    public Zombie(int id, float x, float y, float health, float speed, boolean isElite) {
-        this(id, x, y, health, speed, isElite, false);
-    }
-
-    public Zombie(int id, float x, float y, float health, float speed, boolean isElite, boolean isSplitter) {
+    public Zombie(int id, float x, float y, String templateId) {
+        this.template = TemplateManager.getInstance().getZombieTemplate(templateId);
+        if (this.template == null) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unknown zombie template: " + templateId);
+        }
         this.id = id;
         this.x = x;
         this.y = y;
         this.angle = 0;
-        this.health = health;
-        this.maxHealth = health;
-        this.speed = speed;
+        this.health = template.getBaseHealth();
+        this.maxHealth = template.getBaseHealth();
+        this.speed = template.getBaseSpeed();
         this.lastAttackTime = 0;
-        this.isElite = isElite;
-        this.isSplitter = isSplitter;
         this.lastRangedAttackTime = 0;
         this.targetX = 0;
         this.targetY = 0;
@@ -65,55 +61,34 @@ public class Zombie {
         this.attackingWall = false;
     }
 
-    /**
-     * 受到伤害
-     * 
-     * @param damage 伤害值
-     */
+    public boolean isElite() { return template.isCanRangedAttack(); }
+    public boolean isSplitter() { return template.isCanSplit(); }
+
     public void takeDamage(float damage) {
         this.health -= damage;
         if (this.health < 0) this.health = 0;
     }
 
-    /** 是否存活 */
     public boolean isAlive() {
         return health > 0;
     }
 
-    /**
-     * 移动僵尸
-     *
-     * 基于流场导航移动，包含：
-     * - 路径规划（支持加权障碍物，自动权衡绕道 vs 摧毁）
-     * - 避免与其他僵尸重叠
-     * - 墙壁碰撞检测
-     * - 攻击坚果墙体逻辑
-     *
-     * @param map 游戏地图
-     * @param dt 时间增量（秒）
-     * @param otherZombies 其他僵尸集合
-     * @param now 当前时间戳
-     * @return 如果正在攻击墙体，返回被攻击的墙体对象；否则返回 null
-     */
     public Wall move(GameMap map, float dt, Collection<Zombie> otherZombies, long now) {
         if (!map.isFlowFieldValid()) return null;
 
         int currentGridX = (int) Math.floor(x);
         int currentGridY = (int) Math.floor(y);
 
-        // 如果正在攻击墙体，检查是否到达攻击位置
         if (attackingWall && attackingWallGridX >= 0) {
             float wallCenterX = attackingWallGridX + 0.5f;
             float wallCenterY = attackingWallGridY + 0.5f;
             float distToWall = distanceTo(wallCenterX, wallCenterY);
 
             if (distToWall < 0.8f) {
-                // 到达攻击位置，返回要攻击的墙体
                 Wall wall = map.getWall(attackingWallGridX, attackingWallGridY);
                 if (wall != null && !wall.isDestroyed()) {
                     return wall;
                 }
-                // 墙体已被破坏或被移除，停止攻击
                 attackingWall = false;
                 attackingWallGridX = -1;
                 attackingWallGridY = -1;
@@ -143,10 +118,7 @@ public class Zombie {
             int nextGridX = currentGridX + (int) Math.round(dirX);
             int nextGridY = currentGridY + (int) Math.round(dirY);
 
-            // 检查下一个格子是否是坚果墙体
             if (map.isNutWall(nextGridX, nextGridY)) {
-                // 流场指引我们走向坚果，说明摧毁代价比绕道低
-                // 设置攻击状态
                 attackingWall = true;
                 attackingWallGridX = nextGridX;
                 attackingWallGridY = nextGridY;
@@ -231,9 +203,9 @@ public class Zombie {
         float newX = x + moveX;
         float newY = y + moveY;
 
-        boolean canMoveX = map.isWalkable(newX, y, Constants.ZOMBIE_SIZE);
-        boolean canMoveY = map.isWalkable(x, newY, Constants.ZOMBIE_SIZE);
-        boolean canMoveDiagonal = map.isWalkable(newX, newY, Constants.ZOMBIE_SIZE);
+        boolean canMoveX = map.isWalkable(newX, y, ZOMBIE_SIZE);
+        boolean canMoveY = map.isWalkable(x, newY, ZOMBIE_SIZE);
+        boolean canMoveDiagonal = map.isWalkable(newX, newY, ZOMBIE_SIZE);
 
         if (moveX != 0 && moveY != 0) {
             int checkX = (int) Math.floor(newX);
@@ -251,10 +223,10 @@ public class Zombie {
 
                     if (!wallInX && canMoveX) {
                         x = newX;
-                        canMoveY = map.isWalkable(x, newY, Constants.ZOMBIE_SIZE);
+                        canMoveY = map.isWalkable(x, newY, ZOMBIE_SIZE);
                     } else if (!wallInY && canMoveY) {
                         y = newY;
-                        canMoveX = map.isWalkable(newX, y, Constants.ZOMBIE_SIZE);
+                        canMoveX = map.isWalkable(newX, y, ZOMBIE_SIZE);
                     }
                 }
             }
@@ -271,7 +243,7 @@ public class Zombie {
             if (canMoveY) y = newY;
         }
 
-        float minSeparationDist = Constants.ZOMBIE_SIZE;
+        float minSeparationDist = ZOMBIE_SIZE;
         for (Zombie other : otherZombies) {
             if (other.getId() == this.id) continue;
             if (!other.isAlive()) continue;
@@ -290,14 +262,14 @@ public class Zombie {
                 float pushedX = x + pushX;
                 float pushedY = y + pushY;
 
-                if (map.isWalkable(pushedX, pushedY, Constants.ZOMBIE_SIZE)) {
+                if (map.isWalkable(pushedX, pushedY, ZOMBIE_SIZE)) {
                     x = pushedX;
                     y = pushedY;
                 } else {
-                    if (map.isWalkable(x + pushX, y, Constants.ZOMBIE_SIZE)) {
+                    if (map.isWalkable(x + pushX, y, ZOMBIE_SIZE)) {
                         x = x + pushX;
                     }
-                    if (map.isWalkable(x, y + pushY, Constants.ZOMBIE_SIZE)) {
+                    if (map.isWalkable(x, y + pushY, ZOMBIE_SIZE)) {
                         y = y + pushY;
                     }
                 }
@@ -310,123 +282,81 @@ public class Zombie {
 
         return null;
     }
-    
-    /**
-     * 检查指定格子是否被其他僵尸占用或预留
-     */
+
     private boolean isGridOccupiedOrReserved(int gridX, int gridY, Collection<Zombie> otherZombies) {
         for (Zombie other : otherZombies) {
             if (other.getId() == this.id) continue;
             if (!other.isAlive()) continue;
-            
+
             int otherGridX = (int) Math.floor(other.getX());
             int otherGridY = (int) Math.floor(other.getY());
-            
+
             if (otherGridX == gridX && otherGridY == gridY) {
                 return true;
             }
-            
+
             if (other.isReservation() && other.getReservedGridX() == gridX && other.getReservedGridY() == gridY) {
                 return true;
             }
         }
         return false;
     }
-    
-    /**
-     * 寻找替代移动方向
-     * 
-     * 当目标格子被占用时，寻找其他可行方向
-     */
-    private int[] findAlternativeDirection(int currentGridX, int currentGridY, float dirX, float dirY, 
+
+    private int[] findAlternativeDirection(int currentGridX, int currentGridY, float dirX, float dirY,
                                            GameMap map, Collection<Zombie> otherZombies) {
         int[][] allDirs = {{0, -1}, {0, 1}, {-1, 0}, {1, 0}, {-1, -1}, {1, -1}, {-1, 1}, {1, 1}};
-        
+
         java.util.List<int[]> candidates = new java.util.ArrayList<>();
-        
+
         for (int[] dir : allDirs) {
             int nx = currentGridX + dir[0];
             int ny = currentGridY + dir[1];
-            
+
             if (map.isWall(nx, ny)) continue;
-            
+
             if (dir[0] != 0 && dir[1] != 0) {
-                if (map.isWall(currentGridX + dir[0], currentGridY) || 
+                if (map.isWall(currentGridX + dir[0], currentGridY) ||
                     map.isWall(currentGridX, currentGridY + dir[1])) {
                     continue;
                 }
             }
-            
+
             if (isGridOccupiedOrReserved(nx, ny, otherZombies)) continue;
-            
+
             float dotProduct = dir[0] * dirX + dir[1] * dirY;
             candidates.add(new int[]{nx, ny, (int) (dotProduct * 1000)});
         }
-        
+
         if (candidates.isEmpty()) return null;
-        
+
         candidates.sort((a, b) -> b[2] - a[2]);
-        
+
         return new int[]{candidates.get(0)[0], candidates.get(0)[1]};
     }
 
-    /**
-     * 检查是否可以近战攻击
-     * 
-     * @param now 当前时间戳
-     * @return true 表示可以攻击
-     */
     public boolean canAttack(long now) {
-        return now - lastAttackTime >= Constants.ZOMBIE_ATTACK_RATE * 1000;
+        return now - lastAttackTime >= template.getAttackRate() * 1000;
     }
 
-    /**
-     * 执行近战攻击
-     * 
-     * @param now 当前时间戳
-     */
     public void attack(long now) {
         lastAttackTime = now;
     }
 
-    /**
-     * 检查是否可以远程攻击（精英僵尸专用）
-     * 
-     * @param now 当前时间戳
-     * @return true 表示可以攻击
-     */
     public boolean canRangedAttack(long now) {
-        if (!isElite) return false;
-        return now - lastRangedAttackTime >= Constants.ELITE_ZOMBIE_ATTACK_RATE * 1000;
+        if (!template.isCanRangedAttack()) return false;
+        return now - lastRangedAttackTime >= template.getAttackRate() * 1000;
     }
 
-    /**
-     * 执行远程攻击（精英僵尸专用）
-     * 
-     * @param now 当前时间戳
-     */
     public void rangedAttack(long now) {
         lastRangedAttackTime = now;
     }
 
-    /**
-     * 计算到指定点的距离
-     * 
-     * @param px 目标X坐标
-     * @param py 目标Y坐标
-     * @return 距离值
-     */
     public float distanceTo(float px, float py) {
         float dx = px - x;
         float dy = py - y;
         return (float) Math.sqrt(dx * dx + dy * dy);
     }
 
-    /**
-     * 将僵尸状态转换为Map格式，用于网络传输
-     * 
-     * @return 包含僵尸状态的Map
-     */
     public Map<String, Object> toStateMap() {
         Map<String, Object> map = new LinkedHashMap<>();
         map.put("id", id);
@@ -434,8 +364,8 @@ public class Zombie {
         map.put("y", y);
         map.put("angle", angle);
         map.put("health", health);
-        map.put("isElite", isElite);
-        map.put("isSplitter", isSplitter);
+        map.put("isElite", isElite());
+        map.put("isSplitter", isSplitter());
         return map;
     }
 }
diff --git a/backend/src/main/java/com/zombie/game/template/PlayerTemplate.java b/backend/src/main/java/com/zombie/game/template/PlayerTemplate.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..560a284
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/src/main/java/com/zombie/game/template/PlayerTemplate.java
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+package com.zombie.game.template;
+
+import lombok.Getter;
+
+/**
+ * 玩家基础属性模板
+ *
+ * 定义玩家的基础属性，所有属性在加载时确定，运行时只读。
+ */
+@Getter
+public class PlayerTemplate {
+    private final float speed;
+    private final float maxHealth;
+    private final float invulnerableTime;
+    private final float respawnTime;
+    private final float size;
+
+    public PlayerTemplate(float speed, float maxHealth, float invulnerableTime,
+                          float respawnTime, float size) {
+        this.speed = speed;
+        this.maxHealth = maxHealth;
+        this.invulnerableTime = invulnerableTime;
+        this.respawnTime = respawnTime;
+        this.size = size;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/backend/src/main/java/com/zombie/game/template/TemplateManager.java b/backend/src/main/java/com/zombie/game/template/TemplateManager.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..55b1a9a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/src/main/java/com/zombie/game/template/TemplateManager.java
@@ -0,0 +1,163 @@
+package com.zombie.game.template;
+
+import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.JsonNode;
+import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper;
+import org.slf4j.Logger;
+import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
+
+import java.io.InputStream;
+import java.util.*;
+
+/**
+ * 模板管理器
+ *
+ * 负责从 JSON 配置文件加载和管理所有游戏模板（僵尸、武器、玩家）。
+ * 单例模式，在服务器启动时加载一次。
+ */
+public class TemplateManager {
+    private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(TemplateManager.class);
+    private static TemplateManager instance;
+
+    private final Map<String, ZombieTemplate> zombieTemplates = new LinkedHashMap<>();
+    private final Map<String, WeaponTemplate> weaponTemplates = new LinkedHashMap<>();
+    private PlayerTemplate playerTemplate;
+
+    private TemplateManager() {
+        loadAll();
+    }
+
+    public static synchronized TemplateManager getInstance() {
+        if (instance == null) {
+            instance = new TemplateManager();
+        }
+        return instance;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 加载所有模板
+     */
+    private void loadAll() {
+        loadZombies();
+        loadWeapons();
+        loadPlayer();
+        logger.info("Templates loaded: {} zombies, {} weapons, 1 player base",
+            zombieTemplates.size(), weaponTemplates.size());
+    }
+
+    private void loadZombies() {
+        try (InputStream is = getClass().getResourceAsStream("/data/zombies.json")) {
+            ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper();
+            JsonNode root = mapper.readTree(is);
+            JsonNode types = root.get("types");
+            for (JsonNode node : types) {
+                ZombieTemplate t = new ZombieTemplate(
+                    node.get("id").asText(),
+                    node.get("name").asText(),
+                    (float) node.get("baseHealth").asDouble(),
+                    (float) node.get("baseSpeed").asDouble(),
+                    (float) node.get("damage").asDouble(),
+                    (float) node.get("attackRate").asDouble(),
+                    node.get("canRangedAttack").asBoolean(),
+                    (float) node.get("rangedRange").asDouble(),
+                    node.get("rangedDamage").asInt(),
+                    (float) node.get("rangedBulletSpeed").asDouble(),
+                    node.get("canSplit").asBoolean(),
+                    node.get("minSplit").asInt(),
+                    node.get("maxSplit").asInt(),
+                    (float) node.get("spawnWeight").asDouble()
+                );
+                zombieTemplates.put(t.getId(), t);
+            }
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            throw new RuntimeException("Failed to load zombie templates", e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void loadWeapons() {
+        try (InputStream is = getClass().getResourceAsStream("/data/weapons.json")) {
+            ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper();
+            JsonNode root = mapper.readTree(is);
+            JsonNode types = root.get("types");
+            for (JsonNode node : types) {
+                WeaponTemplate t = new WeaponTemplate(
+                    node.get("id").asText(),
+                    node.get("name").asText(),
+                    node.get("damage").asInt(),
+                    node.get("fireRate").asLong(),
+                    node.get("pelletCount").asInt(),
+                    (float) node.get("spread").asDouble(),
+                    (float) node.get("bulletSpeed").asDouble(),
+                    (float) node.get("range").asDouble(),
+                    node.get("maxAmmo").asInt(),
+                    node.get("chargeable").asBoolean(),
+                    node.get("explosive").asBoolean(),
+                    (float) node.get("explosionRadius").asDouble()
+                );
+                weaponTemplates.put(t.getId(), t);
+            }
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            throw new RuntimeException("Failed to load weapon templates", e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void loadPlayer() {
+        try (InputStream is = getClass().getResourceAsStream("/data/players.json")) {
+            ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper();
+            JsonNode root = mapper.readTree(is);
+            JsonNode base = root.get("base");
+            playerTemplate = new PlayerTemplate(
+                (float) base.get("speed").asDouble(),
+                (float) base.get("maxHealth").asDouble(),
+                (float) base.get("invulnerableTime").asDouble(),
+                (float) base.get("respawnTime").asDouble(),
+                (float) base.get("size").asDouble()
+            );
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            throw new RuntimeException("Failed to load player template", e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public ZombieTemplate getZombieTemplate(String id) {
+        return zombieTemplates.get(id);
+    }
+
+    public Collection<ZombieTemplate> getAllZombieTemplates() {
+        return zombieTemplates.values();
+    }
+
+    public WeaponTemplate getWeaponTemplate(String id) {
+        return weaponTemplates.get(id);
+    }
+
+    public Collection<WeaponTemplate> getAllWeaponTemplates() {
+        return weaponTemplates.values();
+    }
+
+    public PlayerTemplate getPlayerTemplate() {
+        return playerTemplate;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 获取武器列表的索引位置
+     */
+    public int getWeaponIndex(String id) {
+        int idx = 0;
+        for (String key : weaponTemplates.keySet()) {
+            if (key.equals(id)) return idx;
+            idx++;
+        }
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 根据索引获取武器ID
+     */
+    public String getWeaponId(int index) {
+        int idx = 0;
+        for (String key : weaponTemplates.keySet()) {
+            if (idx == index) return key;
+            idx++;
+        }
+        return weaponTemplates.keySet().iterator().next();
+    }
+}
diff --git a/backend/src/main/java/com/zombie/game/template/WeaponTemplate.java b/backend/src/main/java/com/zombie/game/template/WeaponTemplate.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9a9ccb6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/src/main/java/com/zombie/game/template/WeaponTemplate.java
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+package com.zombie.game.template;
+
+import lombok.Getter;
+
+/**
+ * 武器类型模板
+ *
+ * 定义一种武器的基础属性，所有属性在加载时确定，运行时只读。
+ */
+@Getter
+public class WeaponTemplate {
+    private final String id;
+    private final String name;
+    private final int damage;
+    private final long fireRate;
+    private final int pelletCount;
+    private final float spread;
+    private final float bulletSpeed;
+    private final float range;
+    private final int maxAmmo;
+    private final boolean chargeable;
+    private final boolean explosive;
+    private final float explosionRadius;
+
+    public WeaponTemplate(String id, String name, int damage, long fireRate,
+                          int pelletCount, float spread, float bulletSpeed,
+                          float range, int maxAmmo, boolean chargeable,
+                          boolean explosive, float explosionRadius) {
+        this.id = id;
+        this.name = name;
+        this.damage = damage;
+        this.fireRate = fireRate;
+        this.pelletCount = pelletCount;
+        this.spread = spread;
+        this.bulletSpeed = bulletSpeed;
+        this.range = range;
+        this.maxAmmo = maxAmmo;
+        this.chargeable = chargeable;
+        this.explosive = explosive;
+        this.explosionRadius = explosionRadius;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/backend/src/main/java/com/zombie/game/template/ZombieTemplate.java b/backend/src/main/java/com/zombie/game/template/ZombieTemplate.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f4d4386
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/src/main/java/com/zombie/game/template/ZombieTemplate.java
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+package com.zombie.game.template;
+
+import lombok.Getter;
+
+/**
+ * 僵尸类型模板
+ *
+ * 定义一种僵尸的基础属性，所有属性在加载时确定，运行时只读。
+ */
+@Getter
+public class ZombieTemplate {
+    private final String id;
+    private final String name;
+    private final float baseHealth;
+    private final float baseSpeed;
+    private final float damage;
+    private final float attackRate;
+    private final boolean canRangedAttack;
+    private final float rangedRange;
+    private final int rangedDamage;
+    private final float rangedBulletSpeed;
+    private final boolean canSplit;
+    private final int minSplit;
+    private final int maxSplit;
+    private final float spawnWeight;
+
+    public ZombieTemplate(String id, String name, float baseHealth, float baseSpeed,
+                          float damage, float attackRate, boolean canRangedAttack,
+                          float rangedRange, int rangedDamage, float rangedBulletSpeed,
+                          boolean canSplit, int minSplit, int maxSplit, float spawnWeight) {
+        this.id = id;
+        this.name = name;
+        this.baseHealth = baseHealth;
+        this.baseSpeed = baseSpeed;
+        this.damage = damage;
+        this.attackRate = attackRate;
+        this.canRangedAttack = canRangedAttack;
+        this.rangedRange = rangedRange;
+        this.rangedDamage = rangedDamage;
+        this.rangedBulletSpeed = rangedBulletSpeed;
+        this.canSplit = canSplit;
+        this.minSplit = minSplit;
+        this.maxSplit = maxSplit;
+        this.spawnWeight = spawnWeight;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/backend/src/main/resources/data/players.json b/backend/src/main/resources/data/players.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d9b08ba
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/src/main/resources/data/players.json
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+{
+  "base": {
+    "speed": 5.0,
+    "maxHealth": 100,
+    "invulnerableTime": 0.5,
+    "respawnTime": 30.0,
+    "size": 0.8
+  }
+}
diff --git a/backend/src/main/resources/data/weapons.json b/backend/src/main/resources/data/weapons.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e7241bf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/src/main/resources/data/weapons.json
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+{
+  "types": [
+    {
+      "id": "pistol",
+      "name": "手枪",
+      "damage": 50,
+      "fireRate": 400,
+      "pelletCount": 1,
+      "spread": 0,
+      "bulletSpeed": 20,
+      "range": 30,
+      "maxAmmo": 2147483647,
+      "chargeable": false,
+      "explosive": false,
+      "explosionRadius": 0
+    },
+    {
+      "id": "machine_gun",
+      "name": "机枪",
+      "damage": 50,
+      "fireRate": 100,
+      "pelletCount": 1,
+      "spread": 0.05,
+      "bulletSpeed": 25,
+      "range": 25,
+      "maxAmmo": 100,
+      "chargeable": false,
+      "explosive": false,
+      "explosionRadius": 0
+    },
+    {
+      "id": "shotgun",
+      "name": "霰弹枪",
+      "damage": 50,
+      "fireRate": 800,
+      "pelletCount": 10,
+      "spread": 0.15,
+      "bulletSpeed": 18,
+      "range": 12,
+      "maxAmmo": 20,
+      "chargeable": false,
+      "explosive": false,
+      "explosionRadius": 0
+    },
+    {
+      "id": "grenade",
+      "name": "手榴弹",
+      "damage": 120,
+      "fireRate": 1500,
+      "pelletCount": 1,
+      "spread": 0,
+      "bulletSpeed": 12,
+      "range": 15,
+      "maxAmmo": 10,
+      "chargeable": true,
+      "explosive": true,
+      "explosionRadius": 3
+    }
+  ]
+}
diff --git a/backend/src/main/resources/data/zombies.json b/backend/src/main/resources/data/zombies.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..86521c4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/src/main/resources/data/zombies.json
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+{
+  "types": [
+    {
+      "id": "normal",
+      "name": "普通僵尸",
+      "baseHealth": 100,
+      "baseSpeed": 2.0,
+      "damage": 10,
+      "attackRate": 1.0,
+      "canRangedAttack": false,
+      "rangedRange": 0,
+      "rangedDamage": 0,
+      "rangedBulletSpeed": 0,
+      "canSplit": false,
+      "minSplit": 0,
+      "maxSplit": 0,
+      "spawnWeight": 1.0
+    },
+    {
+      "id": "elite",
+      "name": "精英僵尸",
+      "baseHealth": 800,
+      "baseSpeed": 1.5,
+      "damage": 20,
+      "attackRate": 2.0,
+      "canRangedAttack": true,
+      "rangedRange": 8.0,
+      "rangedDamage": 30,
+      "rangedBulletSpeed": 6.0,
+      "canSplit": false,
+      "minSplit": 0,
+      "maxSplit": 0,
+      "spawnWeight": 0.05
+    },
+    {
+      "id": "splitter",
+      "name": "分裂僵尸",
+      "baseHealth": 50,
+      "baseSpeed": 2.5,
+      "damage": 10,
+      "attackRate": 1.0,
+      "canRangedAttack": false,
+      "rangedRange": 0,
+      "rangedDamage": 0,
+      "rangedBulletSpeed": 0,
+      "canSplit": true,
+      "minSplit": 2,
+      "maxSplit": 6,
+      "spawnWeight": 0.05
+    }
+  ]
+}